You may have heard the word “biometrics” in the medical, technological and psychological worlds but may be asking yourself, what is biometrics exactly? Biometrics can be defined as “life-measure.” It has been around since the 14th century when fingerprinting was developed. But it has only been in the last three decades that biometrics has moved beyond just fingerprinting and has expanded into more than 10 different methods.
Biometrics technologies involve confirming the identity of individuals through the measurement of physical characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints or retinal patterns. It is a part of a bigger field of mind-body medicine which focuses on the interactions among the brain, mind, body, and behavior, and the way that those interactions affect the overall effects of stress, health and wellness, and anxiety. This medicinal approach is rooted in expanding each person’s capacity for self knowledge, care and protection.
Mind-body medicine usually focuses on intervention strategies that are thought to promote health, such as relaxation, hypnosis, visual imagery, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, tai chi, qi gong, cognitive-behavioral therapies, group support, autogenic training, spirituality and prayer. During biofeedback therapy, unconscious bodily functions such as heartbeats or brain waves are taught to be manipulated by conscious mental control, like regulating your breathing and calming the senses by refocusing your thoughts. This thus reduces blood pressure and releases tension in the muscles. If people want to learn how to control their stress and improve their health, they can produce the desired response by following the methods of biofeedback.
Another branch of biometrics includes biometric security which aims to identify specific characteristics in a person that do not change over time. Hair and eye color, height and weight can be altered. Characteristics that do not change and are unique to the person include fingerprint identification, hand geometry, palm vein authentication, retina scans, iris scans, face recognition, signature, and voice analysis.
Technologies already exist to implement identification techniques. In fingerprint biometrics, fingerprint scanners have already been installed on laptops and PDAs. Intelligent sensors have been installed in cars to identify the driver and adjust settings in the car such as seat height and climate. Surveillance cameras can find a certain targeted person among a crowd of people and special readers can compare and measure characteristics of one human hand to another.
An advantage to biometric identification is that it can provide extremely accurate and secured access to information. Automated biometric identification can be done quickly and efficiently with minimal training. There is also a feeling of security for the general public to have a method of identification without needing documents that may be stolen, lost or altered.
The disadvantage to this technology is that it could easily lead to the intrusion of privacy. People feel that their sense of privacy is lost and that they are stripped of their personal dignity, which can cause anxiety symptoms, stress symptoms, or even a stress disorder. There is also the question of where all the biometric data can be stored and who will have access to this kind of information. If data gets into the wrong hands, it can be duplicated and become the biggest identity threat to this society thus far.
As advantages and disadvantages are accessed, biometrics continues to move forward as even theme parks now use fingerprint scans to match the ticket to the person and security systems become more complex. Since September 11, the U.S. has become a strong advocate for biometric security as concerns for personal safety are heightened. That coupled with identity theft, which is an ongoing problem, is a reason why biometric research continues to move forward.
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